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Parental severe mental illnesses (SMIs), including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder (MDD), can impact children's well-being, yet existing meta-analyses are limited in scope and methodology and do not comprehensively assess cognitive and academic performance in offspring across SMIs.
Many approved oral paediatric medicines continue to have poor taste acceptance, suggesting that the ingredient blends employed in these medicines are not adequately effective in taste-masking drugs with strongly aversive tastes. To address this inadequacy, this narrative review provides a comparative evaluation of taste-masking ingredients used by the pharmaceutical industry with those employed in the food industry, as well as food items used by caregivers to mask the unpalatable taste of medicines for young children.
Digital interventions have emerged as promising tools to support mental well-being in diabetes. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of digital health interventions in improving mental health outcomes among adults with diabetes, as well as assess the methodological quality of relevant studies and provide a commentary on research gaps and future directions.
Citation: MacDonald B, Burmaz M, Baker S, et al. TrialR: critical enablers and the need for reusable Rare Disease Clinical Trial infrastructure in
The placebo effect is established in clinical trials, but for paediatric research, questions remain about how to best manage its influence. Within the autism field, data on these issues is sparse. This is particularly important in the oxytocin field where placebo responses are thought to play an important role. This study reports on data from the single-blind, placebo lead-in phase of a randomised controlled trial to investigate the placebo response and its relationship to treatment response in autistic children.
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common paediatric malignancy and remains one of the most common causes of cancer-related death in children and adolescents. It is characterised by the proliferation of immature lymphoid cells capable of infiltrating bone marrow, blood and extramedullary sites. Five-year overall survival rates exceed 90% with current multidrug chemotherapeutic regimens. This manuscript reviews the abdominal imaging features of leukaemic infiltration in children with ALL at the time of initial diagnosis and following relapse.
Although clinical trials are fundamental to advancing evidence-based practice, significant heterogeneity in outcome reporting poses a considerable challenge to the validity of systematic reviews. This inconsistency impedes the ability to compare, synthesise and interpret research findings effectively. In the field of paediatric airway management, this issue is particularly relevant because of the low incidence of critical events and the related high morbidity and mortality. The issue of inadequate and variable outcome reporting in clinical trials has been widely acknowledged, necessitating initiatives to enhance the quality of future research.
The administration of inhaled antibiotics to patients with upper or lower respiratory infections is sometimes conducted via a tracheostomy airway. However, precise dosing via this route remains uncertain, especially in spontaneously breathing paediatric patients.
Subcutaneous delivery of antibiotics is a practical alternative to intravenous administration. Ceftriaxone is commonly used for a variety of infections with limited data on the safety and pharmacokinetics of a 2 g subcutaneous dose. This was a prospective, self-controlled cross-over study in 20 stable inpatients receiving ceftriaxone for their infection. Following an intravenous dose, participants received a single dose of 2 g subcutaneous ceftriaxone, in 50 mL normal saline via gravity feed.
Hepatitis B (HBV) prevalence is very high in pregnant women in the Dolpa district of Nepal, a region characterised by a remote geographic landscape and low vaccination coverage. Using mathematical modelling, we evaluated the impact of third-trimester tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) prophylaxis on HBV burden and estimated the time required to achieve HBV elimination in Dolpa.